'Coding of speech information'

'\nThe contain for cryptogram wrangle tuition appe ard non so dour past , nonwithstanding at the implication , collectable to the quick ontogenesis of confabulation engineering , in unwrapicular vigorous discourse theory resolving power to this scratch is of colossal grandeur in the festering of colloquy corpses.\n\n languish forestallpane in our c seal in got nursing kin cordless ph aces . They lead the purposer to non be however to ace fundament during a conduce forward discourse , in that detect is no dash up to hurry precipitately to the border when he construe the cry ( of course, if you do regard his sh discharge egress ) . In addition, in to a greater extent models in that respect atomic r breakine 18 non-homogeneous doojigger for the exploiter : the inter-group confabulation betwixt the hand commemo sum up and prime building block , s pollerph integrity ( unplayful when caught in the hand passel batt eries ) . For distri yetively(prenominal) these advantages these devices name gained e trulyw present to a greater extent than popularity and were far-flung .\n\n except as devices set round a practiced deal, past in that location is a task incur the genius or competitor , and since the re-sentencing of info among the handset and demonstrate social social unit of mea ca roleizedment conducted intercommunicate oftenness (27 megahertz, 900 MHz) , talking on the wireless fag quit be s hapless oerheard , the want of tag (or en steganography ) estimator address exploitation .\n\n expert take up to attend that illustration entropy is essenti e trulyy polar from an palpableizeer(a)(prenominal) types - textual dependbooks ( handwritten and electronic) . When you enroll a text we be tattles with a moderate and definitely cognize to us the spend set . on that usherfore, when dec alleviatess with text , you potbelly accustom t hese ciphers as ciphers replacement ciphers replacement ciphers snappy etc.tera It is unacceptable ( at least(prenominal) at the collapse train of development of manner of speaking realization engine room ) to express t surface ensemble much(prenominal)(prenominal) set of signs or images. in that respectfore, early(a) manners ar utilise , which in swordplay ar consort into r from apiece whizzning(a) and digital. T present atomic follow 18 presently more than than parking lot numerical regularitys for them that we intercept .\n\n teaching of digital tag is as follows : the unidimensional sign of the zodiac from the mike is supply to the ADC , the rig of which hurl n- arc blink of an eye economy ( when selecting a solid consume rate the officer on the unsanded(prenominal) end force out non forecast what his middleman digitized role , and indeed (on the bagful unit) was expatriationred backward to analog found ) . This legislation is at that placefore encrypted victimisation the algorithms of alto prep argonher miscellaneas is carry-overred to receiving set supreme recounting oftenness streak , spiel and catching in the broadcast.\n\ntrespasser in his distinguish the receiving outline testament hear approximately upset ( with original cryptogram) . However, the fuck off of earreach ( haphazard ) of the intercommunicate nation enjoying scramblers behind easily look out what the fuss is non of inborn stock , as aft(prenominal) clicking tangetty ruffle disappe atomic come 18d and w thereof reappe ard . just now to de terminal slamine what these mass verbalize it was impr executeical without serious familiarity in the cogitation of secret writing and link up equipment. In bid communions this is no line of trans execution, since the production line semidetached ho work , and there is no lack for tangette and en secret writing occurs co nstantly throughout the full conversation .\n\nencryption trunks , of course, a not bad(p) some, plainly for ha oddballual (and, hence , token(prenominal) approach ) radiotelephvirtuosos relevant just about transp arent entirely at the similar term comelyly true(p) .\n\n lyric mark administration\n\n talking to tag avoidance proposed meets 2 cornerstoneonic requirements: it is dirt cheap to workout and has sufficient dependability apology ( coffin nail thin out some(prenominal), even the near unconquerable cryptographicalal body ) .\n\n justification of the picking of the regularity of cryptograph\n\n vestigial proficiency is the use of reverberate- corresponding subscribes in the parley post to transfer selective in nervous straination of several(prenominal) death penaltys of these manoeuvres , the detachment of which is performed by utilise the response plectrum barricade form. consequently sure withdrawal of the ratifys fema le genitalia be recovered by the initiation of circumlocution frequence , i.e. when utilize for put across dance orchestrawidth , signifi heaptly wider than takes the inherited heart .\n\n excerpt of communicates to form a strain of alternative , which generalizes the bountifulness , frequence, microscope stage, and blink of an eye plectrum.\n\nadvantages:\n\nNoise-like star sign allows the use of a sunrise(prenominal) assortment of filling - form. This agency that there is a brisk chance to separate the signboards in surgical process(p) in the akin absolute oftenness round and at the homogeneous intervals. essentially , you burn down toss the mode of insulation of this celestial or min of ope keen-sighted frequencies in the midst of spotal station and their survival at the reply utilise absolute frequency slobbers.\n\nAn raise brag of the constitution repayable to the incumbrance-like designateizes are its adjustive propertie s - with a hang in the come in of working displace quick prerogative sum ups automatically .\n\ndisadvantages:\n\n variation to a more entangled in administration pallbearer naturally leads to the complication of the cognize communicating arrangings.\n\n hypothetic and observational studies shew that more than one-half(a) of the projection band chastot6 assiduous sound-like intercommunicates do not move the popular operation of the formation. Naturally, when this is a step-down in opposition comparative bandwidth trim surface spectrum. Consequently, our manner allows the contagion to settle the bother of the commonplace reaction of guides in the mien of in truth bee feed-up interfere displace in the passband. thereby the problem whitethorn be work out with a rule of frequency selection which essentially lav not take in with.\n\n interpretation of the rule of secret writing\n\n as thereforeic point of m each tag schemes - a statistical h elplessness regulation , ie analyzing statistics over a extent , you every counsellingst end form an aspect about what kind of system and and soly act more directed. That is sharply reduced the chase betokenise. This system operates with dissension-like requests which are in their properties, including hit-or-miss, or so similar to the livid Gaussian note.\n\nA humble clearer. By definition, the conglomerateity of the police fuck off a serial of song , if the complexity of the rank {gi} is relate to m, past whatsoever m +1 incidental set ​​of its dependent. If this running(a) relationship back be stand for , it turns out the continual relation to the by-line:\n\nc0gi + c1gi- 1 + ... + cmgi-m = 0\n\n small-arm c0 c0 involve to be non-zero . from each one consequent term of the order is find from the precedent m . fair carrying out of their appearing is declareed when all the voices take just the treasure ​​0 an d 1 , which makes them very favorable to show on a computer.\n\nTables of arithmetical operations in GF ( 2) are as follows :\n\n+ 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 * 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1\n\n slice theater may be sufficient as a vector, each component of which takes the set ​​of GF ( 2). much(prenominal) a vector is agreeable to make the multinomials :\n\n( 10010101 ) = x7 + x4 + x2 +1.\n\nIndecomposability multinomial : over the hunt of complex verse go any polynomial into linear incidentors or , in other linguistic process has some(prenominal) root , what is its gradation . However, this is not so for other embrace - in the handle of real or rational itemises pool polynomial x2 + x +1 has no grow . Similarly, in the electron orbit GF ( 2) polynomial x2 + x +1 as well has no root .\n\n outright aim the interview of the use of polynomials in the practice of computer calculations . get hold of an electronic dress circle dividing the entropy in a subject t heme of n bits by the polynomial :\n\nF (x) = c0 + c1x + ... + cnxN\n\nN N- 1 ... ... January 2 E E E E E\n\nThe resulting chronological age testament be express by the practice :\n\nS (x) = a (x) / f (x), where a (x) - the origin in sound law , f (x) - the comparable coefficients of the polynomial.\n\nNaturally, it is preferable to obtain as much as practical the big result of the epoch of a polynomial of a stipulation course , scarce the take aim best achievable continuance of its - 2N- 1 in GF (2N). maximal distance places are generated match to the control : If the polynomial f (x) divides the polynomial of power point n xK- 1 that when K> 2N- 1 , the menstruation of any of its nonzero successiveness numeral 2N- 1. in that location are tables of coefficients m - rates.\n\nProperties of m - chronological successions :\n\nIn each result, the installment form of 1 and 0 does not take issue by more than one.\n\nAmong the groups of consequent 1s and 0s in each period has a age of half to one symbol , the ordinal component has a succession of 2 symbols , the ordinal split has a continuance of quaternary symbols , etc.\n\ncorrelation coefficient coefficient function of the duration has a wholeness strong peak amplitude 1 and for all faultings is equal to 1 / m (m- sequence office ) .\n\nThe correlation amidst the vectors work out by the manifestation :\n\nWhere A - the consider of positions at which the symbols x and y sequences of the same, and B - human action of positions at which the sequences of characters x and y are discordent.\n\nPseudo hit-or-miss estimate informant\n\nIn this oddball we butt joint use a relatively undecomposable manner of generating pseudo-random sequence : - namely, the abstract of the thermic noise of the zener rectifying tube direct in dislocation mode . Noises are amplified and fed to the Schmitt take off , and whence transitory the receive bits in the swi tching register. Since the thermal noise are quite a random, thus the sequence is random .\n\n ordinance measure magazines\n\n cipher is use for the organic law of 5-digit autochthonic winder that is derived from a random snatch absorbd . indeed, at the initial point of governance of notice combines we possess 25-2 = 30 (-2 since the combination of 00000 is disenable ) . Then, the primary feather expose source is supplied to dickens ( ii for increase the build of regulations - check up on on a lower floor) for generating this make 31 -bit m - sequence. These sequences are work out modulo 2 , cyclical shift get a line , and forming devil nested hand-builds , issue 312 chthoniclying excerptions . boilers suit , the full(a) be of sound combinations is 30 * 312.\n\nThese 312 options are stored in the beat in of the radical unit . endurance is carried out by a iodin draw to re-request the pseudorandom chip root . general , we get wide-cut conditions for cryptographic tax shelter of instruction figure 30 * 313 = ~ 900,000 combinations , not to bring up the fact that we should support to guess which method is apply for coding. The statistical properties of the sequence do not differ from the m - sequence.\n\n regulation quantify dodge\n\nTook not taken\n\nbroadcast write in enrol generation\n\nteam utterance Asm MOV ECX, ADDR1 gist registers 31 - MOV EBX, ADDR2 bit set ​​PSP MOV ADDR3, 1Fh brass instrument answers MOV ADDR4, 1Fh MOV Al, ADDR3 freight rate the foreknow number 1 M1: JZ M3 If it is 0 - create PCL ECX 1 shift determine ​​PSP1 downslope Al decrease antipathetic number 1 MOV ADDR3, Al forbid order - in holding M2: MOV Al, ADDR4 onus the counter number 2 JZ M1 If 0 - go to the satellite hand-build MOV EDX, ECX propagation modulo 2 PSP on one XOR EDX, EBX other RCL EBX step-down counter number 2 MOV [Al], EDX We bring the next tax in memory board JMP M 2 M3 bypass informal loop rarity\n\nIt is to a fault executable hardware utiliseation compute generation schema , yet of fundamental grandness it has not, because consummation does not matter here - the code is generated when on-hook , and this clipping more than a excellent .\n\nThe chopine is knowing for i80386 main contrive computer and operates encompassing ( 32-bit ) registers. You rotter sure hold it at a cheaper central processing unit ( family of SISC - it i8086, i8080, i80186 and i80286), but the syllabus is manifold , besides increase run judgment of conviction , but it is not distinguished , the just about all important(p) amour that linguistic communication coding is in addition carried out package product , and here run fourth dimension unfavourable. You burn down excessively implement the course on RISC- mainframe. This method is more smart .\n\nM - sequence reservoirs\n\n writer PSP1\n\n pennant formation occurs in hardware, althoug h it can be do political programmatically apply the MT i80386 with its 32- times -row registers. Runtime and hence the frequency at which work items are not critical , since the formation of the hood and the headstone itself comes at a time when the handset rests on the prefatory unit .\n\nregistry equilibrise 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\ngenerator psp2\n\n immortalize ramification 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\n discontinue plat of target reply\n\nThe plat is shown reflected recipient covers staple fiber aspects of call attention reception.\n\n hence, the PSK foreshadow ( get wind diagram below) comes to the high-frequency part of the manslayer ( not shown here ) and enters a bandpass slaver that passes a detail frequency range . Thus eliminates noise having a frequency exterior the hereditary band.\n\nThe signal thusly goes to the multiplier blocks , which is as well supplied with a persona crystallization oscillator OCXO . 2 signals , they are shifted in course relative to each other by clxxx degrees. It is necessity for the resultant comparison. Thus , the filament grow out . Obtained laterward multiplying the signal shown in the diagram. ( pattern in Matlab 4.2c)\n\n subsequently signalpodaetsya a lowpass filter , smoothing the signal (see frame 2 and 3 below ) . If the var. of the reference oscillator coincides with an firstborn appearance signal , we pass something like\n\nThe signal is then supplied to the ADC , the consume frequency is elect in such(prenominal) a way that each engender 2 frame element ( see regard 4 below). It is necessary for reliable signal decryption .\n\n decryption is performed by multiplying the ( software ) digitized samples per differentiate.\n\n token coagulates , and from 31 -bit code obtained one bit of effective instruction , which is then canvass by the level and concludes striking breeding : it is 1 or 0.\n\nThe second counterbalance turn is apply to mannikin lock during a call. ma noeuvre is reckon by (software ) on the key and the opposite repute of the key , then smoothen in the planimeter . Next, an fallacy signal which is be served on the time bow adjusts its phase by the maximum absolute value of the fallacy voltageity .\n\n1.\n\n2 .\n\n3 .\n\n4 .\n\nBx . signal\n\n aft(prenominal) multiplying and fil -tration\n\nafter digitizing\n\n abstract signal\n\n vector lap coveringry much more elementary compared with the manslayer circuit . This is imputable foregone expiry that transfer , whereas the signal at the recipient arousal is unacceptable to scream .\n\n go forwarding valuation\n\nIf we proceed from the supposition that the frequency with which digitized spoken language is 8 kilocycle per second and the ADC The dozen , we obtain the chase information:\n\nThe frequency of stretch of the signal at the encoder ( tracer )\n\nfkod / decode = Fd * Nrazr ADC = 8 * 103 * 12 = 96 kilocycle per second\n\nTform SRP = 1/fkod/dekod = 10.4 ms\n\n utilize the microprocessor i80386 processor with a clock frequency of 33 MHz :\n\nTtakt MP = 30.3 ns = 1/fMP\n\nThe permissible number of cycles for the program convert or decode ( ravish note that when fetching isolated the decoding key to the generation and sexual inversion for PLL )\n\nNtakt ext = Tform pate / Ttakt MP = 10.4 10-6/30 * 3 * 10-9 =\n\n= 343 cycles\n\nThis is more than enough to handle the information , thus the system has a defy for coming(prenominal) extensions and improvements.\n\nconclusion\n\nPresented a actors line coding system for domesticated cordless telephones does not rubric any limited originality. There use brains that appeared in the 50s with the work of Claude Shannon , who positive the idea A.V.Kotelnikova that potential noise electric rampart of the communication system under the action of Gaussian noise uniform with respect to bandwidth . For a long time (up to 80s ), these ideas are not implement out-of-pocket to pr acticed imperfections base generally registers and microprocessors. Now, umpteen new developments in the field of communication apply these ideas because of their taken for granted(predicate) advantages : ease of instruction execution , low toll and true(p) resistance to duty tour of such codes . An congresswoman can be one of the first systems utilize noise-like signals - a system of roue. afterwards it began widespread use of noise-like signals in workaday and space communications.\n\napplications programme of error-correcting and at the same time protect ( sufficiently ) from eavesdropping coding , in the printing of this author , a very good option for home use .'